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Analysis of Chemical Composition and Milk Production in Dairy Buffalo and Goat in Malaysia

Sikiru, Y. A., Che Roi D. A. S., Ibrahim, N. S.*

Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Besut Campus, 22200, Besut, Terengganu, Malaysia

Malaysian J. Anim. Sci. 2025 28(1): 84-95

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Dairy buffaloes and goats contribute significantly to Malaysia's dairy industry, providing an alternative to cow milk with distinct nutritional profiles. This study conducted a preliminary analysis of the chemical composition and milk production of dairy buffaloes and goats, focusing on their yield, macronutrient content, and overall suitability for dairy farming. The research was carried out on selected dairy farms in Malaysia, with milk samples collected from 10 dairy buffaloes and 10 dairy goats over a six-month period. The samples were analyzed for key nutritional components, such as fat, protein, lactose, total solids, and mineral content, using standard spectrophotometric and chromatographic techniques. The findings indicated that dairy buffaloes achieve greater daily milk yields compared to dairy goats, with buffaloes yielding around 15,000 L at their peak (around Day 56 postpartum), whereas goat milk peaked at 952 L at day 70. Additionally, buffalo milk exhibited elevated concentrations of fat (6.47% compared to 2.97%), protein (3.51% compared to 2.87%), and solid non-fat (SNF) (9.53% compared to 7.84%) in the early lactation stage, rendering it more suitable for dairy products like cheese and butter. Conversely, goat milk exhibited enhanced digestibility, featuring a reduced lactose content (5.31% compared to 4.27%), thereby rendering it more suitable for individuals with lactose intolerance. This study highlights the need for strategic improvements in genetic selection, feeding strategies, and dairy processing technologies to enhance buffalo and goat milk production. These findings provide crucial insights for optimising dairy farming in Malaysia and supporting the sustainable development of the local dairy industry. Further research and policy interventions are needed to fully harness the potential of these alternative dairy sources.